Results Of Survey Research Articles

Beyond the formal economy. Social cooperatives for labour integration under the pressure of market competitiveness

Purpose Using the theoretical framework of the substantive economy, this study aims to point out the main aspects of the substantive mode of operation that help the integration of disadvantaged people while at the same time shedding light on the barriers that hinder economically efficient functioning in a market economy. Design/methodology/approach Research focuses on Hungarian rural work integration social cooperatives, which are engaged in producing activity by the employment of disadvantaged people. In the research, mixed methods were applied: results of a questionnaire survey covering 102 cooperatives, as well as 20 semi-structured interviews and experiences from the field. A total of 17 indicators were used to explore the substantive operational features, promoting mechanisms and problems in the following areas: organisational goals and outcomes; integrating roles and functions; productive functions; and the embeddedness of cooperatives. Findings As for results, substantive operational mechanisms and tools that support the integration of disadvantaged people have been identified such as mentoring, social incentives, the ability to create local value or the expansion of local community services. At the same time, several barriers have been detected that make it difficult to operate economically, such as cooperatives being a stepping stone for workers, excessive product heterogeneity or the lack of vertically structured bridging relationships. Originality/value The value of the study is to counterpoint the mechanisms promoting social purposes of work-integration social cooperatives and the obstacles to their long-term sustainability within the framework of the substantive economy, to better understand their functioning and the less quantifiable factors of their performance.

Patient attitudes towards self- or partner-, friend-, or family-administered long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy: a mixed-methods study across three urban HIV clinics

Abstract Background Long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) offers a novel drug-delivery option for persons with HIV (PWH), but requires administration every 4-or-8-weeks by a medical professional, thus increasing demand for clinical services amid workforce shortages. Methods With the goal of facilitating LAI-antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up, we evaluated patient interest in alternative administration approaches via a mixed-methods, serial cross-sectional study across three U.S. urban HIV clinics. From 12/2021-05/2022, we surveyed PWH on appeal of self- or partner/friend/family-administered LAI-CAB/RPV; multivariable ordinal logistic regression explored characteristics associated with appeal. To contextualize survey results, we thematically analyzed semi-structured interview data collected from PWH between 08/2020-07/2021 on attitudes towards out-of-clinic LAI-ART administration. Results Among 370 surveyed PWH (median age 46 years, 26% cis-female, 59% Black, 56% sexual minority, 34% housing instability), self-administering LAI-CAB/RPV appealed to 67%. PWH who were White (aOR 3.30 [95%CI 1.42,7.64]), stably housed (aOR 2.16 [1.30,3.59]) or gay/bisexual (aOR 1.81, [1.14,2.89]) had higher odds of endorsing self-administration as appealing. Slightly fewer PWH (60%) reported partner/friend/family-administration as appealing; adjusted models revealed similar sociodemographic preferences for this outcome. In 72 interviews, PWH noted acceptability of out-of-clinic LAI-ART administration was qualified by convenience, prior injection experience, and potential fear of self-inflicted pain, dependence on others, and/or HIV disclosure. Conclusions In a multisite sample of PWH, self- and to a lesser extent partner/friend/family-administration of LAI-CAB/RPV appealed to the majority, however, appeal was greater for populations less impacted by health disparities. Innovative LAI-ART delivery options could potentially free up in-clinic resources to focus scale-up among marginalized populations.

Анализ проблем социализации детей с ОВЗ и пути их решения

This article considers the factors influencing the socialization of children with disabilities. Objective: to identify the most influential factors on the basis of an expert survey. Methods: the method of expert survey was used with the subsequent calculation of the weight of each of the factors and identification of the least significant ones. Results: the authors conducted a research work involving experts working in the field of pedagogy, who participated in the survey and ranked the factors depending on the subjective opinion of each expert. The results of the expert survey showed the significance of these factors in the issues of socialization of students. Conclusions: the factors selected as a result of the study have a significant impact on the socialization of children with disabilities. The prospect of the study is further formation of methods of interaction and work with children to level these factors in order to more active their socialization

Addressing food insecurity in rural primary care: a mixed-methods evaluation of barriers and facilitators

BackgroundFood insecurity (FI) is associated with negative health outcomes and increased healthcare utilization. Rural populations face increased rates of FI and encounter additional barriers to achieving food security. We sought to identify barriers and facilitators to screening and interventions for FI in rural primary care practices.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-methods study using surveys and semi-structured interviews of providers and staff members from rural primary care practices in northern New England. Survey data were analyzed descriptively, and thematic analysis was used to identify salient interview themes.ResultsParticipants from 24 rural practices completed the survey, and 13 subsequently completed an interview. Most survey respondents (54%) reported their practices systematically screen for FI and 71% reported food needs were “very important” for their patients and communities. Time and resource constraints were the most frequently cited barriers to screening for and addressing FI in practices based on survey results. Interview themes were categorized by screening and intervention procedures, community factors, patient factors, external factors, practice factors, process and implementation factors, and impact of FI screening and interventions. Time and resource constraints were a major theme in interviews, and factors attributed to rural practice settings included geographically large service areas, stigma from loss of privacy in small communities, and availability of food resources through farming.ConclusionsRural primary care practices placed a high value on addressing food needs but faced a variety of barriers to implementing and sustaining FI screening and interventions. Strategies that utilize practice strengths and address time and resource constraints, stigma, and large service areas could promote the adoption of novel interventions to address FI.

Current axillary management of patients with early breast cancer and low-volume nodal disease undergoing primary surgery: results of a United Kingdom national practice survey.

UK NICE guidelines recommend axillary node clearance (ANC) should be performed in all patients with biopsy-proven node-positive breast cancer having primary surgery. There is, however, increasing evidence such extensive surgery may not always be necessary. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) may be an effective alternative in patients with low-volume nodal disease who are clinically node negative (cN0) but have abnormal nodes detected radiologically. This survey aimed to explore current management of this group to inform feasibility of a future trial. An online survey was developed to explore current UK management of patients with low-volume axillary disease and attitudes to a future trial. The survey was distributed via breast surgery professional associations and social media from September to November 2022. One survey was completed per unit and simple descriptive statistics used to summarise the results. 51 UK breast units completed the survey of whom 78.5% (n = 40) reported performing ANC for all patients with biopsy-proven axillary nodal disease having primary surgery. Only 15.7% of units currently performed TAD either routinely (n = 6, 11.8%) or selectively (n = 2, 3.9%). There was significant uncertainty (83.7%, n = 36/43) about the optimal surgical management of these patients. Two-thirds (n = 27/42) of units felt an RCT comparing TAD and ANC would be feasible. ANC remains standard of care for patients with low-volume node-positive breast cancer having primary surgery in the UK, but considerable uncertainty exists regarding optimal management of this group. This survey suggests an RCT comparing the outcomes of TAD and ANC may be feasible.

A Study of the Population Density of Aphids and Coccinella septempunctata on Different Wheat Cultivars

Background: Wheat is considered one of the primary and strategic grain crops in the world in terms of production and importance. The increment in both quantity and quality of wheat production renders it susceptible to various pests and diseases, including both insects and non-insect pests. The study aims to study the extent of infection of the IPA 99, IPA 22 and Abu Ghraib wheat varieties with aphids. Methods: A general survey of aphids on Abu Ghraib, IPA 99 and IPA 22 wheat varieties was carried out in the fields of the College of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad in Abu Ghraib during the growing season 2021-2022. Result: The results of the field survey indicated the presence of three species of aphids on the wheat crops belonging to the order Hemiptera and the family Aphididae: the wheat aphid [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)], the oat aphid [Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)] and the corn aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis). Wheat and oat aphids were the most commonly found on the crops. The presence of aphids on the plants was affected by the predominant environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, the chemical components of the host plants and the interactions between these factors. Additionally, we identified one type of predator belonging to the order of Coleoptera, the seven-spotted ladybug (Coccinella septempunctata), which was observed to be affected by the pest density. Aphids are a major pest of wheat in Iraq and they can cause significant losses of crops if their population is not controlled.

Results of the AABP Salary Survey

There has not previously been information available about the incomes of bovine-focused veterinarians in the United States and Canda across career stages, locations and types of employment. A survey was distributed to bovine veterinarians in late 2022 to obtain information about their employment types, incomes, demographics and satisfaction. Across career stages and employment types, men earn more income than women in bovine-focused veterinary medicine. Job satisfaction increases with higher income and decreases in private practice with more hours worked

MASCC 2023 Patient-Centered Antiemetic Guidelines and Education Statements: an evidence-based and consensus resource for patients.

The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC)/European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Patient Antiemetic Guideline Committee aimed to (1) adapt the updated evidence-based, clinical guidelines to patient-centered antiemetic guidelines and (2) develop patient education materials and statements. The MASCC 2023 Patient Antiemetic Guidelines were created and reviewed by antiemetic experts and patient advocates by incorporating the 2023 MASCC/ESMO antiemetic guidelines into patient-friendly language. Patient Education Statements were developed based on current literature and by utilizing an expert modified Delphi consensus (≥ 75% agreement). Patient advocate/focus group input and patient survey results were further integrated into Patient-Centered Antiemetic Guidelines and Education Statements. Patient-Centered Antiemetic Guidelines were created using patient-friendly language and visual slides. Patient-friendly language was also utilized to communicate the Educational Statements. Key content categories identified for the Educational Statements included the following: nausea/vomiting definitions, causes, risk factors, categories, complications, accompanying symptoms, prophylactic antiemetic treatment, general management, when to call/what to ask the healthcare team, what caregivers can do, and available resources. All identified content met the ≥ 75% expert agreement threshold. Fifteen (15) items demonstrated 100% agreement, 11 items achieved ≥ 90% agreement, and three content items demonstrated 80 ~ 82% agreement. The inaugural MASCC 2023 Patient Antiemetic Guidelines can help patients and caregivers understand the prevention of nausea and vomiting related to their cancer treatment. Educational Statements provide further patient information. Educating patients on how to utilize guideline antiemetics and the education statements can contribute improvements in the control of anticancer treatment-related nausea and vomiting.

Aplikasi Survei Kepuasan Peserta Diklat Berbasis Mobile Untuk Meningkatkan Pelayanan Diklat

Balai Diklat Keuangan Medan There is an Organizing and Learning sector which is tasked with carrying out learning related to State finances, facilitating the implementation of the Learning system and facilitating technical support for implementing learning needs analysis, learning evaluation, certification and competency tests as well as providing assistance services for implementing knowledge processes and learning organizations in the work area of the Financial Education and Training Center. This research was created to create a mobile-based training participant satisfaction survey system to improve training services. The aim is to improve training services that can be accessed easily by training participants. With the survey application, participant satisfaction data can be accessed and analyzed in real-time and this application makes the work of organizers easier in calculating satisfaction surveys and can provide data to the head of the Financial Training Center quickly. By using the waterfall method with Likert Scale calculations, this research produces an efficient information system through the stages of needs analysis, design, implementation, testing, maintenance and Likert scale calculations. The results obtained from this research are that the participant satisfaction survey application can make it easier for organizers to calculate survey results and make it easier for offices to improve office quality quickly.

Ventral hernia repair in India: a Delphi consensus

Abstract Purpose While research on inguinal hernias is well-documented, ventral/incisional hernias still require investigation. In India, opinions on laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) techniques are contested. The current consensus aims to standardize LVHR practice and identify gaps and unfulfilled demands that compromise patient safety and therapeutic outcomes. Methods Using the modified Delphi technique, panel of 14 experts (general surgeons) came to a consensus. Two rounds of consensus were conducted online. An advisory board meeting was held for the third round, wherein survey results were discussed and the final statements were decided with supporting clinical evidence. Results Experts recommended intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) plus/trans-abdominal retromuscular/extended totally extraperitoneal/mini- or less-open sublay operation/transabdominal preperitoneal/trans-abdominal partial extra-peritoneal/subcutaneous onlay laparoscopic approach/laparoscopic intracorporeal rectus aponeuroplasty as valid minimal access surgery (MAS) options for ventral hernia (VH). Intraperitoneal repair technique is the preferred MAS procedure for primary umbilical hernia < 4 cm without diastasis; incisional hernia in the presence of a vertical single midline incision; symptomatic hernia, BMI > 40 kg/m2, and defect up to 4 cm; and for MAS VH surgery with grade 3/4 American Society of Anaesthesiologists. IPOM plus is the preferred MAS procedure for midline incisional hernia of width < 4 cm in patients with a previous laparotomy. Extraperitoneal repair technique is the preferred MAS procedure for L3 hernia < 4 cm; midline hernias < 4 cm with diastasis; and M5 hernia. Conclusion The consensus statements will help standardize LVHR practices, improve decision-making, and provide guidance on MAS in VHR in the Indian scenario.

Zoonotic infections in UK and Irish veterinary students: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundZoonotic infections are a recognised risk for the veterinary community. Veterinary students are at risk, due to the range of activities they participate with on training coupled with their inexperience; yet the prevalence and severity of infections in veterinary students has been little studied. In this study, a survey explored zoonotic infections in UK and Irish veterinary students.MethodsA survey containing both open and closed questions, was distributed to undergraduate veterinary students at all veterinary schools in the UK and Republic of Ireland. Descriptive statistics, and univariable logistic regression were used to explore quantitative data; thematic analysis was used to explore qualitative data.ResultsThere were 467 responses, 31.5% (95% CI 27.3–35.9, n = 147) of those students reported having contracted at least one zoonotic infection during their studies. The most prevalent self-reported infections were cryptosporidiosis (15.2% of all respondents), dermatophytosis (5.6%), and other gastrointestinal infections assumed to be of zoonotic origin (4.5%). 7% of respondents reported having acquired a zoonosis within the last 12 months, 91% of these infections were acquired during farm placements. Thematic analysis (n = 34) showed that infection was an accepted risk, particularly on farm, and students were often reluctant to take time off their studies or placements as a result of infection. Reporting was very low, meaning universities would not have accurate figures on infection risk or particularly risky placement providers.ConclusionsBased on these survey results, veterinary students appear to be at increased risk of contracting zoonotic diseases, particularly on farm placements. Attitude and behaviour change at multiple levels is required to reduce the risk of infection to students and normalise reporting of illness.

A multiple criteria decision analysis to establish the use cases and candidate point of care tests to enter into a platform trial of multiple in vitro diagnostic point of care tests in the prehospital environment

Background There are increasing demands on Emergency Medical Services. More efficient treatment pathways are required to support conveyance decision making and patient referral in prehospital care. Point of Care testing is increasingly available and utilised across the NHS to support optimal ways of working. We aimed to design and conduct a Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis to prioritise in vitro point of care tests and use cases for inclusion in a platform trial of in vitro point of care testing in UK Emergency Medical Services. Methods We designed a Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis that included systematic scoping reviews stakeholder recruitment, two stakeholder surveys and two stakeholder workshops to scope the use cases, explore criteria and map use cases, evaluate the criteria and measure the use cases against the criteria. Results We recruited 32 stakeholders. We developed a scoring matrix with 4 criteria for scoring the use cases and 8 criteria for scoring the point of care tests and applied weighting determined from survey results. Use cases were scored by the stakeholders against 4 criteria. The 3 highest scoring use cases were point of care troponin testing in: possible Acute Myocardial Infarction, lactate testing in suspected sepsis and in trauma. We developed the process for scoring the point of care tests to be completed close to a proposed trial to allow for a changes in technology. Conclusions We successfully designed a Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis to identify use cases and candidate tests for inclusion in a future platform trial of in vitro point of care testing in UK Emergency Medical Services. We identified 3 use cases for evaluation in a platform trial of in vitro point of care testing: troponin testing in possible acute myocardial infarction, lactate testing in suspected sepsis and lactate testing to identify occult haemorrhage in trauma.

Urinalysis in Suspected Child Abuse Evaluation in the Emergency Department.

Intra-abdominal injury (IAI) is the second leading cause of mortality in abused children. It is challenging to identify in young patients due to their limited verbal skills, delayed symptoms, less muscular abdominal wall, and limited bruising. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 0 to 12 months who were evaluated in the emergency department for suspected child abuse with a skeletal survey and urinalysis between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017. Our primary objective was to identify the proportion of IAI cases identified by urinalysis alone (>10 RBC/HPF) and not by examination findings or other laboratory results. A secondary objective was to quantify potential delay in disposition while waiting for urinalysis results, calculated as the length of time between receiving skeletal survey and laboratory results and receiving urinalysis results. Six hundred thirteen subjects met our inclusion criteria; two subjects had hematuria, one of whom had a urinary tract infection. The other was determined to have blood from a catheterized urine specimen. One subject was found to have an IAI. We further found that urinalysis was delayed for 78% of subjects and took a median of 93 [interquartile range, 46-153] minutes longer than imaging and/or laboratories. No subjects were diagnosed with abdominal trauma based on urinalysis during evaluation in the emergency department who would not have been identified by other standard testing. In addition, patients' disposition was delayed while waiting for urinalysis.

User factors affecting the use of digital services in five European regions and countries

Digitalisation has great potential to reduce costs, improve access and enhance user experience. However, it could also increase inequality, with some people struggling to access and use digital services. It is important to understand who is likely to be excluded in this way and why. This can help to identify groups at particular risk of digital exclusion, inform efforts to overcome the barriers, and develop more inclusive digital services. This paper introduces a set of five linked datasets examining a range of user factors affecting the use of digital services. The datasets focus on the use of digital mobility services, but the data is useful in understanding the use of other digital services as well. The user factors considered include technology access, use and competence and attitudes towards digital technology. The datasets were the results of surveys in five European regions and countries (Germany, Italy, Barcelona Metropolitan Area, Flanders and the Netherlands). Samples were taken of the adult (age 16+) population with a total of 3,454 participants.

Results of a Web-Based Survey on 2565 Greek Migraine Patients in 2023: Demographic Data, Imposed Burden and Satisfaction to Acute and Prophylactic Treatments in the Era of New Treatment Options

Objective: The Greek Society of Migraine and Headache Patients conducted its third in-line population web-based survey in 2023 to ascertain if the burden of the disease and the patients’ satisfaction with conventional and novel migraine therapies are changing compared to our previous findings from 2018 and 2020. Methods: The sampling process was based on a random call to participants to reply to a specific migraine-focused self-administered questionnaire, including 83 questions in Greek, which was distributed nationwide through the online research software SurveyMonkey. Results: We eventually enrolled 2565 patients, the majority of which were females. Our findings clearly demonstrate that migraine is still a burdensome condition. The degree of its impact on all aspects of productivity depends on the monthly frequency of migraine and the response rates to acute and prophylactic treatments. A total of 1029 (42.4%) of the patients had visited the emergency room mainly for unresponsiveness to acute treatments or aura-related symptoms. Triptans seem to be partly effective as acute therapies. OnabotulinumtoxinA seems to be effective for almost half of chronic migraine patients (43.9%) to report adequate satisfaction with this treatment (27.8% were “fairly happy”, 10.6% were “very happy”, and 5.5% were “extremely happy”). Due to their high rates of preventative effectiveness, most respondents treated with anti-CGRP Mabs expressed their optimism concerning their future while living with their migraine (88.25%), as well as towards further improvements in their quality of life (82.8%) status, mostly with fremanezumab. Conclusions: The patients recognize the usefulness of anti-CGRP Mabs in migraine prevention and consequently seem to be more optimistic than before about living with migraine. Considering the market change that is anticipated with the use of gepants and ditans, larger longitudinal population-based studies are warranted to further explore if the new era of migraine therapeutics might further lessen the burden of the disease.

A Study on Tourist Satisfaction Based on the Conservation and Reuse of Alleyway Spaces in Urban Historic Neighborhoods

The preservation and reuse of historical alley spaces infuse these areas with renewed vitality, which holds significant importance for the direction of preservation and restoration efforts in historical districts. This paper focuses on Jinyu Alley in Quanzhou and identifies a study targeting tourists for the protection and reuse of historical alley spaces. Through preliminary research and interviews, a system of evaluation indicators for urban historical alley spaces post-usage was established using a factor analysis, extracting five main components: historical context, neighborhood space, commercial environment, supporting facilities, and operational management. Additionally, a modified importance–performance analysis (IPA) method was employed to conduct a quadrant analysis on tourist satisfaction evaluation indicators. Transformation quadrant distribution maps of various evaluation indicators reveal dissatisfaction among tourists with certain aspects of supporting facilities, the commercial environment, and neighborhood space. Relevant departments should prioritize improvements in dining quality, business variety, neighborhood traffic connections and transformations, neighborhood space form and scale, landscape greening, environmental elements, parking availability, and trash bin density for future enhancements. Finally, based on the results of tourist satisfaction surveys and information gathered from interviews with a minority of residents, a more inclusive and sustainable strategy for the protection and reuse of historical alley spaces is formulated.

The Pathologically Evolving Aggregation-State of Cells in Cancerous Tissues as Interpreted by Fractal and Multi-Fractal Dispersion Theory in Saturated Porous Formations

A recent author’s fractal fluid-dynamic dispersion theory in porous media has focused on the derivation of the associated nonergodic (or effective) macrodispersion coefficients by a 3-D stochastic Lagrangian approach. As shown by the present study, the Fickian (i.e., the asymptotic constant) component of a properly normalized version of these coefficients exhibits a clearly detectable minimum in correspondence with the same fractal dimension (d ≅ 1.7) that seems to characterize the diffusion-limited aggregation state of cells in advanced stages of cancerous lesion progression. That circumstance suggests that such a critical fractal dimension, which is also reminiscent of the colloidal state of solutions (and may therefore identify the microscale architecture of both living and non-living two-phase systems in state transition conditions) may actually represent a sort of universal nature imprint. Additionally, it suggests that the closed-form analytical solution that was provided for the effective macrodispersion coefficients in fractal porous media may be a reliable candidate as a physically-based descriptor of blood perfusion dynamics in healthy as well as cancerous tissues. In order to evaluate the biological meaningfulness of this specific fluid-dynamic parameter, a preliminary validation is performed by comparison with the results of imaging-based clinical surveys. Moreover, a multifractal extension of the theory is proposed and discussed in view of a perspective interpretative diagnostic utilization.

FASD: The Living Experience of People with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder—Results of an Anonymous Survey

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is considered a lifelong disability that has been framed with neurobiological descriptions focused on the brain. These are important features but fail to tell the story of living with FASD. By surveying those with FASD, this work expanded upon prior survey work which illustrated a multitude of early-onset physiological issues occurring at rates much higher than is typical of the general population. The current project, again using an anonymous survey methodology, sought to open up other direct experiences to better understand the complexity of living with FASD. An anonymous online survey was used to gather data on adversity in childhood, schooling, employment, housing and finances, and involvement with the criminal justice system, as well as relationships and parenting. Results indicate high levels of adversity throughout the life span; vulnerability to manipulation, which is connected to involvement in the criminal justice system; struggles with housing; economic instability; and struggles maintaining employment, as well as difficulties with social and familial relationships. Systemic stigma was also identified. Suggestions are offered to inform others on how support can be enhanced and targeted with a goal of improving quality of life, as well as dealing with self-imposed stigma. The survey was developed by adults living with FASD who have served as a long-standing advocacy and educational group influencing policy and practice in the field.

GERIATRIC ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL-SOCIAL, PALLIATIVE AND HOSPICE CARE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WAR: COMBINATION OF MEDICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS

The aim of the study is to characterize, from the point of view of geriatric aspects, the current problems of the organization of medico-social, palliative and hospice care (PHC) and social services for palliative care in the war conditions based on multidisciplinary, interagency and inter-sectoral approaches, as well as a combination of medical, psychological and social problems. Materials and methods. The research materials were scientific literary sources and regulatory documents. A pilot survey of 200 people was conducted to study the psychological state and psychological support needs of the elderly and internally displaced persons (IDPs). The survey results of 3,705 client’s questionnaires of the “Vseturbota” Project were also evaluated, of which 63.6 % are people aged 67-84 years, 26.4 % are 85–101 years old. The following research methods were used in the work: bibliosemantic, sociological, system approach and system analysis. Results and discussion. After February 24, 2022, IDPs will experience significant difficulties, suffer from reduced income, increased dependence on humanitarian aid, do not feel safe and protected. All these are reflected in their psychological state. It was found that among respondents aged ≥75 years had the most people with medium (57.1 %) and low (25.0 %) levels of anxiety, 71.4 % had a low level of mood. 32.17 % of the “Vseturbota” Project clients needed additional consultation with a family doctor, 3.83 % needed consultation with a psychologist, and 3.35 % with other specialists. Most often, they needed help around the house (26.02 %), buying medicines/foodstuff (22.43 %), 34.97 % needed information, and 13.36 % needed psychological counseling. An important condition for providing geriatric patients, including IDPs, with affordable, high-quality and effective PHC is the creation of a system and service of ambulatory/mobile and inpatient PHC facilities and medico-social care. Conclusions. The military aggression of the Russian Federation caused considerable suffering to the population of Ukraine. The state of anxiety and fear has a negative impact not only on the psycho-emotional, but also on the physical sphere of the elderly, which necessitates the implementation of psychological services and effective strategies for overcoming stress and distress, which requires the development and implementation of mechanisms for interagency coordination and cooperation, involving and training of multidisciplinary teams’ specialists and volunteers, effective advocacy activities, etc.

The hidden side of Social Europe: Revealing welfare Euroscepticism through focus group discussions

AbstractWhile the public opinion literature on Social Europe is growing, so far, it relies on quantitative survey evidence that hides some of the arguments and motivations lying behind the standardized results. This article reveals through qualitative research that ‘welfare Euroscepticism’ (i.e., opposition towards Social Europe) needs more attention in the literature and explains why. Specifically, this article uses qualitative focus group discussions on Social Europe collected in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain (134 participants in total). The participants filled out a quantitative survey before the discussions started and these survey results are in line with the usual public opinion literature on Social Europe, that is, relatively supportive of the social dimension of the EU. However, multi‐faceted welfare Eurosceptic attitudes appeared throughout the discussion. While participants may support the general idea of a Social Europe, they are highly critical about how it actually works in practice. The analysis reveals that the public is sceptic towards both harmonizing social policies on the EU level and redistributive social policy instruments on the EU level. Three overarching and partly overlapping rationales appear to drive welfare Euroscepticism: (1) economic self‐interest, (2) cultural ideology and (3) the democratic deficit. The results emphasize the public preferences for more conditional redistributive policies and the need to make Social Europe more visible to the public.